Note: "V" sent me the following history of the canon (the list of books recognized as divinely inspired). It is his response to a statement regarding The Scandal of the Catholic Priesthood: "John MacArthur is like a teenager who gets hold of his dad's car, thinks it belongs to him alone, then uses it to run the old man down. The Bible, after all, originally came from the Catholic Church. To put the question bluntly: Did Jesus found the Church? Or did he just commission a group of guys to put together the Bible?"
The reader can compare V's account to various histories (both Protestant and Catholic) linked to at the end. It is a fascinating - and complex - topic. However, it might be helpful to keep in mind three questions:
1. Did Jesus establish an authority prior to the New Testament?
2. Does that authority include not only the Apostles, but their legitimate successors? (those called episcopoi or bishops)
3. Did that authority have the final say in what books would be included in the New Testament?
As V mentions the Old Testament canon is a separate question, but it can be asked why Martin Luther and his followers eliminated seven Old Testament books* - besides attempting to eliminate certain New Testament books.
For my part I see no way to avoid St. Augustine's conclusion: "I would not believe in the Gospel if the authority of the Catholic Church did not move me to do so." Against the Epistle of Manichaeus,4:5,5:6 (A.D 397),in NPNF1,IV:130-131
**********
Phil Bloom, The matter at hand is simply YOUR LEARNED ROMAN
CATHOLIC church RELIGIOUS SINFUL PRIDE COMBINED WITH YOUR OWN
SPIRITUAL BLINDNESS, AND NOTHING ELSE. I will address though your most obvious made-up standard
reply to anyone and also to whomever “Ben is” since you stated “…Ben,
please let me know and I will do my best to respond.” You did state “The
Bible, after all, originally came from the Catholic Church.”, AGAIN, THAT IS YOUR LEARNED
ROMAN CATHOLIC church RELIGIOUS SINFUL PRIDE COMBINED WITH YOUR OWN
SPIRITUAL BLINDNESS, AND NOTHING ELSE. THE TRUTH IS the Roman Catholic Church in 397 the Council of Carthage had
the 27 books considered the canon. However these books were read and distributed as Scripture for over
300 years by individual true believers (Christians) and churches (assemblies) long
before their/your church councils claimed to give us the Bible. The
Synod of Antioch in 266 AD. had rejected Paul of Samosata’s teaching (a
modalist) as foreign to the ecclesiastical canon. In the council of Nicea in
325 when Athanasius argued in a debate against Arius he used much of the New Testament.
He quoted from almost every book. The council of Laodicea in 363
A.D. decreed that only canonized books of the Old and New Testament were
to be read in the Church’s. NONE of
the councils made any list of what is in or out (so to say), the reason being
that the majority of the church had accepted and used these books for many years. Are we (true believers -
Christians) to accept the premise that 300 years passed with confusion and we waited for the church to decide
in 397 A.D. what was our Scripture. Generations would have come and gone NOT having the whole bible.
The simple truth is that we can produce almost the entire bible we have today
from the early church writings in the mid 100’s to 200’s. In 397 the council of Carthage put their approval on the canon that was already read by and
throughout the church. It then became
a fixed canon for the western church as it was
for the eastern. The word canon means rule of faith, the standard in which we measure and evaluate something is true or right and from god. The word for canonicity comes from the Greek word Kanon
which is found in Galatians 6:16 Peace and mercy to all who follow this rule.
How did the church determine what was to be Scripture and what was to be
rejected. AGAIN though you FALSELY state
“The Bible, after all, originally came from the Catholic Church.” just
as the Roman Catholic church states they gave us the Bible, so is this TRUTH? First they determined was it authoritative - did it come as thus saith the
Lord, did they recognize Gods voice in it. Did it have the life transforming
power of God. Was the author an apostle or was
he connected to an apostle (Known as a apostolic legate) An example of this is
Mark wrote under Peters authority
and Luke wrote his Gospel and book
of Acts under Paul’s authority. Was
it accepted and received by the
other apostles who were eye witnesses. Was it accepted by the overall
church. Did the people bear witness
of it by the Holy Spirit and did it
not conflict with the already revealed body of Scripture. The Church was able
to reject false books and this would
insure the right ones were accepted because
it would delay their recognition. At that
time and even hundreds of years after there were numerous false letters
and forgeries circulating, they knew
this by putting them alongside the apostles teachings already delivered. Did they have the content that was consistent
with the already accepted writings. Did the books have the quality and
inspiration that was consistent with the written
revealed Word of God. It was for this reason the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha were rejected by NOT meeting
the criteria. So the test was by the eye witnesses or
by Scripture itself. In the same way today we (true believers - Christians) would reject the book of Mormon, we
don’t have to have a church council and
have bishops test it, each of us can apply the Scriptural test as we are
encouraged to do in 1 Thessalonians 5, “test all things”. So if these letters
taught doctrine contrary to what was already delivered or contradict practices of true believers Christian living already
given it was rejected. Also if they
lacked the prophetic and had
inaccuracies historically it was
refused. There was NO church council to
decide what books were to be included in the canon. They were recognized by the
consensus of the entire body of the church NOT by a council of bishops. The books were written under the
inspiration of All Holy God, they were
canonical the moment they were
written. A council was NOT necessary
to affirm what was already TRUE. NO book became canonical by the action
of a church council in the same way the OT books were not decided upon
by the Sanhedrin. What the council did was to determine which books did
not meet the tests for canonicity. The New Testament started to penned down
approximately 15-20 years after the ascension.
Since many of the apostles were alive there was NO reason to write, they also
thought Christ Jesus return was imminent so it was NOT necessary. When the
persecution of Stephen occurred the church was scattered and persecuted it then became necessary to pen
down the teachings. There were NO books written from 30-45 A.D. because true believers - Christians had access to the apostles who
were living eyewitnesses. So there
was no immediate concern to write it
down. Christ Jesus return was imminent. When
the church had its first martyr Stephen, then
they were persecuted and scattered. It was from this event that letters were
copied and circulated so that the
teachings would not be lost or changed. As the apostles went out
they shared the writings and
commanded them to be passed on to others. The apostles put their writings into
circulation through the church. “I charge you by the Lord that this epistle be
read to all the holy brethren.” (1 Corinthians 1:2 & Ephesians1:1) We have
examples of letters to be read to all
in Scripture 1 Thessalonians 5:27, “to be read to all the church’s” Colossians 4:16,
“read to the church of Colosse and
the Laodiceans” Galatians1:21, “to the church’s of Galatia.” Christ Jesus clearly
tells John the apostle in Revelations 1:11saying, “I am the Alpha and the
Omega, the First and the Last,” and,
“What you see, write in a book and send it to the seven churches
which are in Asia: to Ephesus, to Smyrna, to Pergamos, to Thyatira, to Sardis,
to Philadelphia, and to Laodicea.” All the New Testament books were
written between 45-75 A.D excluding the apostle Johns writings
which occurred in 80-95 A.D. There were schools of Scribes (scholia) that
copied the Scripture by hearing, also
lecture rooms were people would copy down what they heard. From the beginning
the church copied and shared the
original documents to circulate the apostles writings. To protect the writings
from being lost they were copied for
distribution. First were the Pauline
epistles next were the 4 gospels in
one work, then Acts 1 Peter, 1 John, Revelation all these were accepted in both the East and the West (these were called Homologumena= all books accepted by the entire
church). Their was James and Jude, 2nd and 3rd John, 2nd
Peter, Hebrews which were disputed books because they were not familiar with
them, these 6 books were accepted later (these are called Antilogumena=
books accepted by some of the church). Their were also false books circulating
by authors who claimed to be an apostle (as
you so FALSELY claim) or penned an apostles name. They were
considered false because it contradicted the writings previously delivered, Example:
The 1st miracle of Jesus was that he did miracles as a boy not
change the water to wine (these were called Notha = writings claiming
inspiration but were false). Some of these ended up being in the Koran. By the
2nd century we find the expression the New Testament. If all the
Gospels were the same it would be a clear case of collusion we would then have
a question of their validity. Many of the church (so-called) fathers (bishops) quote the New Testament such
as Polycarp (69-155 A.D.) quoting much of the New Testament (Matthew, Acts,
Hebrews, 1 Peter And 10 of Paul's letters) his letter to the Philippians.
Justin Martyr (100-160 A.D.) quotes all 4 Gospels, Acts and the epistles of
Paul and Revelation. Portions of the gospels were read every Sunday in church.
Clement, of Alexandria (165-220 AD) names all the books of the New Testament
except Philemon, James, 2 Peter and 3 John. Irenaeus (135-210 A.D.)
quotes from all the New Testament books except Philemon, Jude, James and 3
John. Origen 185-254 names all the books of both the Old and New Testaments.
160-240. In 300 A.D. Athanasius referred to all 27 books of the New Testament
represented in the eastern church. He said “they were the springs of salvation
do not add nor take away.” Tertullian who was a contemporary of both
Origen and Clement mentions all the New Testament books minus James, 2 Peter
and 2 John. Eusebius gave explanations and quotations from all the canonical
books. They had their authority from the primary authority found in the
writings of the TRUE apostles which made up the bible. We can produce almost all the New Testament from the church (so-called) fathers
writings and quotations BEFORE the year 150 A.D. proving that there was NO church government to approve of what
was in or out (again, so to say). The Scripture is God breathed, its origin is
with All Holy God, it is NOT man given (2 Peter1:21). The churches commission is to protect and promote the word as she is the
pillar and ground of truth. Christ Jesus
clearly said he was the truth and His
word was truth to abandon this source puts one outside being called the church. Christ Jesus clearly said my sheep hear my voice, they will flee from the
voice of stranger. John17:8, “I have given them your words you have given me.”
John 8:47, “He who is of God hears God's words; therefore you do not hear,
because you are not of God.” When Christ Jesus was questioned by Pilate he was
asked what is truth. He said ‘everyone who hears my voice is of the truth.” John 8:30-32 “ As He spoke these words, many believed in Him. Then Christ Jesus
said to those Jews who believed Him, “If you abide in My word, you are
My disciples indeed. “And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make
you free.” In John17:7, Christ Jesus said His word is truth” because it was spoken from truth
incarnate. John 14:24-26, “He who does not love Me does not keep My words; and the word
which you hear is not Mine but the Father's who sent Me. “These things I have
spoken to you while being present with you. “But the Helper, the Holy Spirit,
whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all things that I said
to you.” The purpose of the Spirit is to bear witness to Christ Jesus and His
words. John 16:12-14 “I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear
them now. “However, when He, the Spirit of truth, has come, He will guide you
into all truth; for He will not speak on His own authority, but whatever He
hears He will speak; and He will tell you things to come. “He will glorify
Me, for He will take of what is Mine and declare it to you.” The spirit guides
us and ONLY speaks what Christ Jesus
says. He does NOT teach new doctrine! John 2:20-21 “But you have an anointing from the Holy One, and you know all
things. I have not written to you because you do not know the truth, but
because you know it, and that no lie is of the truth. The spirit is given to
teach us and lead us to truth this
is not found in any man today but
the God/man who already came. I John 3:2 “ Now he who keeps His commandments abides in Him, and He in him.
And by this we know that He abides in us, by the Spirit whom He has given us.”
There is no true believing Christian without
the inner witness which bears witness to the written revealed Word of God as
our guide. It is the Spirit that is the teaching authority of the church NOT the Pope or any anointed man. The spirit was sent into the world to convince
of sin righteousness and judgment.
He is another just like Christ Jesus. The Holy Spirit wrote it all down so there would be no mistakes. The Holy Spirit is the source of Scripture and all true believers – Christians are
given him to interpret what he wrote. What better guide and teacher can we have than the same one who inspired the apostles
to write Scriptures. Lastly you stated “I could refute his arguments point by
point, but it would take more time that I have available.” AGAIN, THAT IS YOUR LEARNED ROMAN CATHOLIC church RELIGIOUS SINFUL
PRIDE COMBINED WITH YOUR OWN SPIRITUAL BLINDNESS, AND
NOTHING ELSE. **********
Canon of the New Testament (Catholic Encyclopedia)
The Development of the Canon of the New Testament by Glenn Davis
Evangelicals and the
Canon of the New Testament
by
M. James Sawyer, Ph.D.
Canon of The NewTestament
by W. Hartono
The Emergence of the New Testament Canon
Daniel F. Lieuwen
A Visual Diagram of the History of the New Testament Canon by Dave Armstrong
*The Old Testament Canon "During the Reformation, primarly for doctrinal reasons, Protestants removed seven books from the Old Testament: 1 and 2 Maccabees, Sirach, Wisdom, Baruch, Tobit, and Judith, and parts of two others, Daniel and Esther. They did so even though these books had been regarded as canonical since the beginning of Church history."
Hitler's Pope: Comic Book Approach to Church History
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Human Cloning: A Catholic Perspective (How the Unthinkable Became Inevitable)
Bogus Knights of Columbus Oath
Magdalene Sisters and other anti-Catholic Pornography (Warning: Contains graphic descriptions.) Boston Globe's Misleading Article on Catholic Church
Doctor Defends Partial Birth Abortion (warning: contains graphic description of abortion)
Hate Campaign Against Homosexuals? Rathergate: Dan Rather's use of forged documents & CBS anti-Catholicism
To: Father Phil Bloom