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CONTENTS
CHAPTER-I
PRELIMINARY
1. Short title, extent, commencement and application
2. Definitions
3. Act not in derogation of any other law
CHAPTER-II
CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCILS
4. The Central Consumer Protection Council
5. Procedure for meetings of the Central Council
6. Objects of the Central Council
7. The State Consumer Protection Council
8. Objects of the State Council
CHAPTER-III
CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL AGENCIES
9. Establishment of Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies
10. Composition of the District Forum
11. Jurisdiction of the District Forum
12. Manner in which complaint shall be made
13. Procedure on receipt of complaints
14. Finding of the District Forum
15. Appeal
16. Composition of the State Commission
17. Jurisdiction of the State Commission
18. Procedure applicable to State Commissions
18-A. Vacancy in the office of the President
19. Appeals
20. Composition of the National Commission
21. Jurisdiction of the National Commission
22. Power to and procedure applicable the National Commission
23. Appeal
24. Finality of orders
24-A. Limitation period
24-B. Administrative Control
25. Enforcement of orders by the Forum, the State Commission or the
National Commission
26. Dismissal of frivolous or vexatious complaints
27. Penalties
CHAPTER IV
MISCELLANEOUS
28. Protection of action taken in good faith
29. Power to remove difficulties
29-A. Vacancies or defects in appointment not to invalidate
30. Power to make rules
31. Laying of rules
THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986
An Act to provide for better protection of the interests of consumers and for
that purpose to make provision for the establishment of consumer councils and
other authorities for the settlement of consumers’ disputes and for matters
connected therewith.
Be it enacted by Parliament in the Thirty- seventh Year of the Republic of India
as follows:
CHAPTER-I
PRELIMINARY
1. Short title, extent, commencement and application. -
(1) This Act may be called the consumer Protection Act, 1986.
(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and
Kashmir.
(3) It shall come into force on such date 1 as the Central Government may,
by notification appoint and different dates may be appointed for different
States and for different provision of this Act.
(4) Save as otherwise expressly provided by the Central Government by
notification, this Act shall apply to all goods and services.
1. Chapter I, II and IV, w.e.f. 15th April, 1987 vide S.O 390 (E), dated
15th April, 1987; published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Pt. II, Sec.
3 (ii), dated 15th April, 1987; and Chapter III, w.e.f. 1st July, 1987; Vide
S.O. 568 (E), dated 10th June, 1987; published in the Gazette of India,
Extraordinary Pt. II, Sec. 3 (ii), dated 10th June, 1987.
2. DEFINITIONS. —
(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, --
1 [(a) “Appropriate laboratory” means a laboratory or Organisation-
(i) Recognized by the Central Government;
(ii) Recognized by a State Government, subject to such guidelines as may
be prescribed by the Central Government in this behalf; or
(iii) Any such laboratory or organisation established by or under any law
for the time being in force, which is maintained, financed or aided by the
Central Government or a State Government for carrying out analysis or test of
any goods with a view to determining whether such goods suffer from any defect;]
2[(aa) “Branch office” means –
(i) Any establishment described as a branch by the opposite party; or
(ii) Any establishment carrying on either the same or substantially the
same activity as that carried on by the head office of the establishment;]
(b) “Complainant” means –
(i) A consumer; or
(ii) Any voluntary consumer association registered under the companies
Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), or under any other law for the time being in force; or
(iii) The Central Government or any State Government, who or which makes a
complaint;
3 [(iv) One or more consumers where there are numerous consumers having the same
interest;]
(c) “Complaint’’ means any allegation in writing made by a complainant
that-
2[(i) An unfair trade practice or a restrictive trade practice has been
adopted by any trader;]
3 (ii) [The goods bought by him or agreed to be bought by him] suffer from
one or more defects;
4(iii) [Service hired or availed of or agreed to be hired or availed of by
him] suffer from deficiency in any respect;
(iv) A trader has charged for the goods mentioned in the complaint a price
in excess of the price fixed by or under any law for the time being in force or
displayed on the goods or any package containing such goods; with a view to
obtaining any relief provided by or under this Act;
5[(v) Goods which will be hazardous to life and safety when used, are being
offered for sale to the public in contravention of the provisions of any law for
the time being in force requiring traders to display information in regard to
the contents, manner and effect of use of such goods.]
(d) “Consumer” means any person who, -
(i) Buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or
partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and
includes any user of such goods other than the person who buys such goods for
consideration paid or promised or partly paid or partly promised or under any
system of deferred payment when such use is made with the approval of such
person but does not include a person who obtains such goods for resale or for
any commercial purpose; or
(ii) 6[Hires or avails of] any services for a consideration which has been
paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of
deferred payment and includes any beneficiary of such services other then the
person who 6[hires or avails of] the services for consideration paid or
promised, or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred
payment, when such services are availed of with the approval of the first
mentioned person;
7[Explanation. - For the purposes of sub-clause (I), “commercial purpose does
not include use by a consumer of goods bought and used by him exclusively for
the purpose of earning his livelihood by means of self-employment.]
(e) “Consumer dispute’’ means a dispute where the person against whom a
complaint has been made, denies or disputes the allegations contained in the
complaint;
(f) “Defect” means any fault, imperfection or short coming in the quality,
quantity, potency, purity or standard which is required to be maintained by or
under any law for the time being in force or 7[under any contract express or
implied or] as is claimed by the trader in any manner whatsoever in relation to
any goods;
(g) “Deficiency” means any fault, imperfection, shortcoming or inadequacy
in the quality, nature and manner of performance which is required to be
maintained by or under any law for the time being in force or has been
undertaken to be performed by a person in pursuance of a contract or otherwise
in relation to any service;
(h) “District Forum” means a Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum established
under Cl. (a) of sec. 9;
(i) “Goods” means goods as defined in the sale of Goods Act, 1930 {3 of
1930);
(j) “Manufacturer” means a person who-
(i) Makes or manufactures any goods or parts thereof; or
(ii) Does not make or manufacture any goods but assembles parts thereof,
made or manufactured by others and claims the end-product to be goods
manufactured by himself; or
(iii) Puts or causes to be put his own mark on any goods made or
manufactured by any other manufacturer and claims such goods to be goods made or
manufactured by himself;
Explanation. - Where a manufacturer despatches any goods or part thereof to any
branch office maintained by him, such branch office shall not be deemed to be
the manufacturer even though the parts so despatched to it are assembled at such
branch office and are sold or distributed from such branch office:
8[(jj) “Member” includes the President and a member of the National
commission or a State Commission or a District Forum, as the case may be;]
(k) “National Commission” means the National Consumer Disputes Redressal
Commission established under CI. (c) of sec. 9:
(l) “National” means a notification published in the official Gazette;
(m) “Person” includes, -
(i) A firm whether registered or not;
(ii) A Hindu undivided family;
(iii) A Co-operative society;
(iv) Every other association of persons whether registered under the
societies Registration Act, 1860 (21of 1860), or not;
(n) “Prescribed” means prescribed by the rules made by the State
Government, or as the case may be, the Central Government under this Act;
8[(nn) “Restrictive trade practice” mean any trade practice which requires a
consumer to buy, hire or avail of any goods, or as the case may be, services as
a condition precedent for buying, hiring or availing of other goods or
services;]
(o) “Services” means service of any description which is made available to
potential users and includes the provision of facilities in connection with
banking, Financing insurance, transport, processing, supply of electrical or
other energy, board or lodging or both, 9[housing construction] entertainment,
amusement or the purveying of news or other information, but does not include
the rendering of any service free of charge or under a contract of personal
service;
(p) “State Commission” means a Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
established in a State under CI (b) of Sec. 9;
(q) “Trader” in relation to any goods means “ a person who sells or
distributes any goods for sale and includes the manufacturer thereof, and where
such goods are sold or distributed in package form, includes the packer
thereof”;
10[(r) “Unfair trade practice” means a trade practice which, for the purpose
of promoting the sale, use or supply of any goods or for the provision of any
service, adopts any unfair method or unfair or deceptive practice including any
of the following practices, namely:
(1) The practice of making any statement, whether orally or in writing or
by visible representation which, -
(i) Falsely represents that the goods are of a particular standard,
quality, quantity; grade-composition, style or model;
(ii) Falsely represents that the service of a particular standard, quality
or grade;
(iii) Falsely represents any re-built, second-hand, renovated,
reconditioned or old goods as new goods;
(iv) Represents that the goods or service have sponsorship, approval,
performance, characteristics, accessories, uses or benefits which such goods or
service do not have;
(v) Represents that the seller or the supplier has a sponsorship or
approval or affiliation which such seller or supplier does not have;
(vi) Makes a false or misleading representation concerning the need for, or
the usefulness of, any goods or service;
(vii) Gives to the public any warranty or guarantee of the performance,
efficacy or length of life of a product or of any goods that is not based on an
adequate or proper test thereof:
Provided that where a defence is raised to the effect that such warranty or
guarantee is based on adequate or proper test, the burden of proof of such
defence shall lie on the person raising such defence;
(viii) Makes to the public a representation in a form that purports to be –
(i) A warranty or guarantee of a product or of any goods or service; or
(ii) A promise to replace, maintain or repair an article or any part
thereof or to repeat or continue a service until it has achieved a specified
result, if such purported warranty or guarantee or promise is materially
misleading or if there is no reasonable prospect that such warranty, guarantee
or promise will be carried out;
(ix) Materially misleads the public concerning the price at which a product
or like products or goods or service, have been or are, ordinarily sold or
provided, and, for this purpose, a representation as to price shall be deemed to
refer to the price at which the product or goods or service has or have been
sold by sellers or provided by suppliers generally in the relevant market unless
it is clearly specified to be the price at which the product has been sold or
services have been provided by the person by whom or on whose behalf the
representation is made;
(x) Gives false or misleading facts disparaging the goods, services or
trade of another person;
Explanation. - For the purposes of CI. (1), a statement that is----
(a) Expressed on an article offered or displayed for sale, or on its
wrapper or container; or
(b) Expressed on anything attached to, inserted in, or accompanying an
article offered or displayed for sale or on anything on which the article is
mounted for display or sale; or
(c) Contained in or on anything is sold, sent, delivered, transmitted or
in any other manner whatsoever made available to a member of the public,
Shall be deemed to be a statement made to the public by, and only by, the person
who had caused the statement to be so expressed, made or contained;
(2) Permits the publication of any advertisement whether in any newspaper
or otherwise, for the sale or supply at a bargain price, of goods or the
services that are not intended to be offered for sale or supply at the bargain
price, or for a period that is, and in quantities that are, reasonable, having
regard to the nature of the market in which the business is carried on, the
nature and size of business, And the nature of the advertisement.
Explanation. --- For the purposes of CI. (2), “bargaining price” means-------
(a) A price that is stated in any advertisement to be a bargain price, by
reference to an ordinary price or otherwise, or
(b) A price that a person who reads, hears or sees the advertisement,
would reasonably understand to be a bargain price having regard to the prices at
which the product advertised or like products are ordinarily sold:
(3) Permits------
(a) The offering of gifts, prizes or other items with the intention of not
providing them as offered or creating impression that something is being given
or offered free of charge when it is fully or partly covered by the amount
charged in the transaction as a whole;
(b) The conduct of any contest, lottery, game of chance or skill, for the
purpose of promoting, directly or indirectly, the sale, use or supply of any
product or any business interest;
(4) Permits the sale or supply of goods intended to be used, or are of
kind likely to be used, by consumers, knowing or having reason to believe that
the goods do not comply with the standards prescribed by competent authority
relating to performance, composition, contents. Design, constructions, finishing
or packaging as are necessary to prevent or reduce the risk of injury to the
person using the goods;
(5) Permits the hoarding or destruction of goods, or refuses to sell the
goods or to make them available for sale or to provide any service, if such
hoarding or destruction or refusal raises or tends to raises or is intended to
raise, the cost of those or other similar goods or services.”
(2) Any reference in this Act to any other Act or provision thereof which
is not in force in any area to which this Act applies shall be construed to have
reference to the corresponding Act or provision thereof in force in such areas.
1. Subs. by Act No. 50 of 1993 (w.e.f 18-6-1993).
2. Ins by ibid.
3. Subs. for the words “the goods mentioned in the complaint” by sec. 2,
ibid, (w.e.f 18th June, 1993)
4. Subs. for the words “Services mentioned in the complaint” by Act 50 of
1993, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993)
5. Ins. by ibid., sec.2 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
6. Subs. by Act 50 of 1993, sec.2 for the word “hires” (w.e.f. 18th June,
1993
7. Ins. by ibid., sec.2 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
8. Ins. by Act No 50 of 1993, sec. 2 (w.e.f 18-6-1993).
9. Ins. by ibid. (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993)
10. Subs. by ibid. (w.e.f. 19th June, 1993)
3. ACT NOT IN DEROGATION OF ANY OTHER LAW. -The provision of this Act
shall be in addition to and not in derogation of the provisions of any other law
for the time being in force.
CHAPTER II
CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCILS
4. THE CENTRAL CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCIL. -
(1) The Central Government may be notification, establish with effect from
such date as it may specify in such notification a council to be known as the
Central consumer protection Council (hereinafter referred to as the Central
Council).
(2) The Central Council shall consist of the following members, namely-
(a) The Minister in–charge of 1[Consumer affairs] in the Central
Government, who shall be its Chairman, and
(b) Such number of other official or non-official members representing
such interest may be prescribed.
1. Subs. for the words “the Department of Food and Civil Supplies” by Act
50 of 1993, sec 3 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
5. PROCEDUER FOR MEETINGS OF CENTRAL COUNCIL. –
(1) The Central Council shall meet as and when necessary, but 1[at least
one meeting] of the Council shall be held every year.
(2) The Central Council shall meet at such time and place as the Chairman
may think fit and shall observe such procedure in regard to the transaction of
its business as may be prescribed.
1. Subs. for the words “not less than three meetings” by ibid., sec, 4,
(w.e.f. 18th June 1993).
6. OBJECTS OF THE CENTRAL COUNCIL. – The objects of the Central Council
shall be to promote and protect the rights of the Consumers, such as, -
(a) The right to be protected against marketing of goods 1[and services]
which are hazardous to life and property;
(b) The right to be inform about the quality, quantity, potency, purity,
standard and price of goods 1[or services, as the case may be] so as to protect
the Consumer against unfair trade practices;
(c) The right to be assured, wherever possible, access to a variety of
goods 2[and services] at competitive prices;
(d) The right to be heard and to be assured that Consumers’ interest will
receive due consideration at appropriate forums;
(e) The right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices 1[or
restrictive trade practices] or unscrupulous exploitation of Consumer; and
(f) The right to Consumer education.
1. Ins. by ibid, sec.5 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
2. Subs. for the words “the Department of Food and Civil
Supplies” by Act 50 of 1993, sec. 3 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
7. THE STATE CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCILS. -
(1) The State Government may, by notification, establish with effect from
such date as it may specify in such notification, a Council to be known as the
Consumer Protection Council for…(hereinafter referred to as the State Council).
1[(2) The State Council shall consist of the following members, namely:
(a) The Minister in- charge of Consumer Affairs in the State Government
who shall be its Chairman;
(b) Such number of other official or non –official members representing
such interests as may be prescribed by the State Government.
(3) The State Council shall meet as and when necessary but not less then
two meetings shall be held every year.
(4) The State Council shall meet at such time and place as the Chairman
may think fit and shall observe such procedure in regard to the transaction of
its business as may be prescribed by the State Government.]
1. Subs. by Act No. 50 of 1993, sec. 6 (w.e.f. 18-6-1993)
8. OBJECTS OF THE STATE COUNCIL. - The objects of every State Council
shall be to promote and protect within the State the rights of the Consumers
laid down in Cls. (a) to (f) of sec.6.
CHAPTER III
CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL AGENCIES
9. ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL AGENCIES. - There shall
be established for the purpose of this Act, the following agencies, namely:
(a) A Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum to be known as the “District
Forum” establishment by the State Government 1[***] in each district of the
State by notification:
2[Provided that the State Government may if it deems fit, establish more then
one District Forum in a district.]
(b) A Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission to be known as the “State
Commission” established by the State Government 1[***] in the State by
notification; and
(c) A National Consumer Disputes redressal Commission established by the
Central Government by notification.
1. The words ‘with prior approval of the Central Government” Omitted by
Act 50 of 1993. Sec. 7 (w.e.f. 18th June 1993.)
2. Ins. by ibid.
10. COMPOSITION OF THE DISTRICT FORUM. -
1[(1) Each District Forum shall consist of –
(a) A person who is, or who has been or is qualified to be, a District
Judge, who shall be its President;
(b) Two other members, who shall be persons of ability, integrity and
standing, and have adequate knowledge or experience of, or have shown capacity
in dealing with, problems relating to economics, law, commerce, accountancy,
industry, public affairs or administration, one of whom shall be a woman.]
2[(1-A) Every appointment under sub-section (1) shall be made by the State
Government on the recommendation of selection Committee consisting of the
following namely:
(i) The President of the State Commission- Chairman,
(ii) Secretary, Law Department of the State- Member,
(iii) Secretary, incharge, of the Department dealing with Consumer affairs
in the State- Member.]
(2) Every member of the District Forum shall hold office for a team of
five years or up to the age of 65 years whichever is earlier, and shall not be
eligible for re-appointment:
Provided that a member may resign his office in writing under his hand addressed
to the State Government and on such resignation being accepted, his office shall
become vacant and may be filled by the appointment of a person possessing any of
the qualifications mentioned in sub-section (1) in relation to the category of
the member who has resigned.
(3) The salary or honorarium and other allowances payable to, and the
other terms and conditions of services of the members of the District Forum
shall be such as may be prescribed by the State Government.
1. Subs. by Act No. 50 of 1993 (w.e.f. 18-6-1993)
2. Ins. by sec. 8, ibid (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
11. JURISDICTION OF THE DISTRICT FORUM. –
(1) Subject to other provisions of this Act, the District Forum shall have
jurisdiction to entertain complaints where the value of the goods or services
and the Compensation if any, claimed 1[does not exceed rupees five lakhs].
(2) A complaint shall be instituted in a District Forum within the local
limits of whose jurisdiction, -
(a) The opposite party or each of the opposite parties, where there are
more than one, at the time of the institution of the complaint, actually and
voluntarily resides or 2[carries on business or has a branch office, or]
personally works for gain; or
(b) Any of the opposite parties where there are more then one, at the time
of the institution of the complaint, actually and voluntarily resides, or
3[carries on business or has a branch office], or personally works for gain,
provided that in such case either the permission of the District Forum is given,
or the opposite parties who do not reside, or 4[carry on business or have a
branch office], or personally works for gain, as the case may be, acquiesce in
such institution; or
(c) The cause of action, wholly or in part arises.
1. Subs. for the words “is less than rupees one lakh” by Act 50 of 1993,
sec, 9 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
2. Subs. for the words “carries on business or” by ibid, (w.e.f. 18th
June 1993)
3. Subs. for the words “carries on business” by Act 50 of 1993, sec, 9
(w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
4. Subs. for the words “carry on business” by ibid.
1[12. MANNER IN WHICH COMPLAINT SHALL BE MADE. -A complaint in relation to
any goods sold or delivered or agreed to be sold or delivered or any service
provided or agreed to be provided may be filed with a District Forum, by-
(a) The consumer to whom such goods are sold or delivered or agreed to be
sold or delivered or such service provided or agreed to be provided;
(b) Any recognised consumer association whether the consumer to whom the
goods are sold or delivered or agreed to be sold or delivered or service
provided or agreed to be provided is a member of such association or not;
(c) One or more consumers, where there are numerous consumer having the
same interest, with the permission of the District Forum, on behalf of, or for
the benefit of, all consumers so interested; or
(d) The Central or the State Government.
EXPLANATION. - For the purposes of this section “recognised consumer
association” means any voluntary consumer association registered under the
Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), or any other law for the time being in force.]
1. Subs. by Act No. 50 of 1993, sec. 10 (w.e.f. 18-6-1993)
13. PROCEDURE ON RECEIPT OF COMPLAINTS. —
(1) The District Forum shall, on receipt of a complaint, if it relates to
any goods, -
(a) Refer a copy of the complaint to the opposite party mentioned in the
complaint directing him to give his version on the case within a period of
thirty days or such extended period not exceeding fifteen days as may be granted
by the District Forum;
(b) Where the opposite party on receipt of a complaint referred to him
under CI. (a) denies or disputes the allegations contained in the complaint, or
omits or fails to take any action to represent his case within the time given by
the District Forum, the District Forum shall proceed to settle the consumer
dispute in the manner specified in Cls.(c) to (g);
(c) Where the complaint alleges a defect in the goods which cannot be
determined without proper analysis or test of the goods, the District Forum
shall obtain a sample of the goods from the complainant, seal it and
authenticate it in the manner prescribed and refer the sample so sealed to the
appropriate laboratory along with a direction that such laboratory make an
analysis or test, whichever may be necessary, with a view to find out whether
such goods suffer from any defect alleged in the complaint or suffer from any
other defect and report its finding thereon to the District Forum with in a
period of forty-five days of the receipt of the reference or within such
extended period as may be granted by the District Forum;
(d) Before any sample of the goods is referred to any appropriate
laboratory under cl. (c), the District Forum may require the complaint to
deposited to the credit of the Forum such fees as may be specified, for payment
to the appropriate laboratory for carrying out the necessary analysis or test in
relation to the goods in question;
(e) The District Forum shall remit the amount deposited to its credit
under clause.(d) to the appropriate laboratory to enable it to carry out the
analysis or test mentioned in clause (c) and on receipt of the report from the
appropriate laboratory, the District Forum shall forward a copy of the report
along with such remarks as the District Forum may feel appropriate to the
opposite party;
(f) If any of the parties disputes the correctness of the findings of the
appropriate laboratory, or disputes the correctness of the methods of analysis
or test appropriate laboratory, the District Forum shall require the opposite
party or the complainant to submit in writing his objections in regard to the
report made by the appropriate laboratory;
(g) The District Forum shall thereafter give a reasonable opportunity to
the complainant as well as the opposite party of being heard as to the
correctness or otherwise of the report made by the appropriate laboratory and
also as the objection made in relation thereto under CI. (f) and issue an
appropriate order under Sec. 14.
(2) The District Forum shall, if the complaint received by it under Sec.12
relates to goods in respect of which the procedure specified in sub-section (1)
cannot be followed, or if the complaint relates to any services,--
(a) Refer a copy of such complaint to the opposite party directing him to
give his version of the case within a period of thirty days or such extended
period not exceeding fifteen days as may be granted by the District Forum;
(b) Where the opposite party, on receipt of a copy of the complaint,
referred to him under Cl. (a) denies or disputes the allegations contained in
the complaint, or omits or fails to take any action to represent his case within
the time given by the District Forum, the District Forum, the District Forum
shall proceed to settle consumer disputes,--
(i) On the basis of evidence brought to its notice by the complainant and
the opposite party, where the opposite party denies or disputes the allegations
contained in the complaint, or
(ii) On the basis of evidence brought to its notice by the complainant
where the opposite party omits or fails to take any action to represent his case
within the time given by the Forum.
(3) No proceedings complying with the procedure laid down in sub-sections
(1) and (2) shall be called in question in any Court on the ground that the
principles of natural Justice have not been complied with.
(4) For purposes of this section, the District Forum shall have the same
powers as are vested in Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5
of 1908), while trying a suit in respect of the following matters, namely, -
(i) The summoning and enforcing attendance of any defendant or witness
and examining the witness on oath;
(ii) The discovery and production of any document or other material object
producible as evidence
(iii) The reception of evidence on affidavits;
(iv) The requisitioning of the report of the concerned analysis or test
from the appropriate laboratory or from any other relevant source;
(v) Issuing of any commission for the examination of any witness; and
(vi) Any other matter which may be prescribed
(5) Every proceeding before the District Forum shall be deemed to be a
judicial proceeding within the meaning of Secs.193 and 228 of the Indian Penal
Code (45 of 1860), and the District Forum shall be deemed to be a Civil Court
for the purpose of sec. 195 and Chapter XXVI of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973 (2 of 1974).
1[(6) Where the Complainant is a Consumer referred to in sub- clause (iv) to
Cl. (b) of sub- section (I) of Sec. 2 the provision of rule 8 of order I of the
first schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) shall apply
subject to the modification that every reference therein to a suit or decree
shall be construed as a reference to a complaint or the order of the District
Forum thereon.]
1. Ins by Act No. 50 of 1993 sec. 11 (w.e.f. 18-6-1993).
14. FINDING OF THE DISTRICT FORUM. –
(1) If, after the proceeding conducted under sec. 13, the District Forum
is satisfied that the goods complained against suffer from any of the defects
specified in the complaint or that any of the allegations contained in the
complaint about the services are proved, it shall issue an order to the opposite
party directing him to 1[do] one or more of the following things, namely, -
(a) To remove the defect pointed out by the appropriate laboratory from
the goods in question;
(b) To replace the goods with new goods of similar description which shall
be free from any defect;
(c) To return to the complainant the price, or, as the cash may be, the
charges paid by the complainant;
(d) To pay such amount as may be awarded by its as compensation to the
Consumer for any loss or injury suffered by the Consumer due to the negligence
of the opposite party.
2[(e) To remove the defects or deficiencies in the services in question;
(f) To discontinue the unfair trade practice or the restrictive trade
practice or not to repeat them;
(g) Not to offer the hazardous goods for sale;
(h) To withdraw the hazardous goods from being offered for sale;
(i) To provide for adequate costs to parties.]
3[(2) Every proceeding referred to in sub-section (I) shall be conducted by
the president of the District Forum and at least one member thereof sitting
together:
Provided that where the member, for any reason, is unable to conduct the
proceeding till it is completed, the President and the other member shall
conduct such proceeding de novo.
(2-A) Every order made by the District Forum under sub-section (I) shall be
signed by its President and the member or members who conducted the proceeding:
Provided that where the proceeding is conducted by the President and one member
and they differ on any point or points, they shall State the point or points on
which they differ and refer the same to the other member for hearing on such
point or points and the opinion of the majority shall be the order of the
District Forum.]
(3) Subject to the forgoing provisions, the procedure relating to the
conduct of the members of the District Forum, its settings and other matters
shall be such as may be prescribed by the State Government
1. Subs. for the word “take” by Act 50 of 1993, sec 12 (w.e.f. 18th
June, 1993).
2. Ins by Act No. 50 of 1993 sec. 12 (w.e.f. 18-6-1993).
3. Subs. by the Consumer Protection (Amendment) Act, 1991 (34 of 1991)
(with effect from 15th June, 1991) for sub-section (2).
15. Appeal. - Any person aggrieved by an order made by the District Forum
may prefer an appeal against such order to the State Commission within a period
of thirty days from the date of the order, in such form and manner as may be
prescribed:
Provided that the State Commission may entertain an appeal after the expiry of
the said period of thirty days if it is satisfied that there was sufficient
cause for not filing it within that period.
16. COMPOSITION OF THE STATE COMMISSION. -
(1) Each State Commission shall consist of, -
(a) A person who is or been a Judge of a High Court, appointed by the
State Government, who shall be its President:
1[Provided that no appointment under this clause shall be made except after
consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court;]
(b) Two other member, who shall be person of ability, integrity and
standing and have adequate knowledge or experience of, or have shown capacity in
dealing with problems relating to economics, law, commerce, accountancy,
industry, public affairs or administration, one of whom shall be a woman:
2[Provided that every appointment made under this clause shall be made by the
Government on the recommendation of a selection committee consisting of the
following, namely: -
(i) President of the State Commission----Chairman,
(ii) Secretary of the Law Department of the State----Member,
(iii) Secretary, incharge of Department dealing with consumer affairs in
the State-Member.]
(2) The salary or honorarium and other allowances payable to, and the
other terms and conditions of service 3[* * *] of the members of the State
Commission shall be such as may be prescribed by the State Government.
4[(3) Every member of the State Commission shall hold office for a term of
five years or up to age of sixty-seven years, whichever is earlier and shall not
be eligible for re-appointment.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3), a person
appointed as a President or as a member before the commencement of the Consumer
Protection (Amendment) Act, 1993, shall continue to hold such office as
President or member, as the case may be, till the completion of his term.]
1. Ins. by Act No. 50 of 1993, sec, 13 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
2. Subs. by ibid. (w.e.f. 18-6-1993).
3. The brackets and words “(including tenure of office)” by Act 50 of
1993, sec. 13.
4. Ins. by Act No. 50 of 1993, sec. 13.
17. JURISDICTION OF THE STATE COMMISSION. - Subject to the other provisions
of this Act, the State Commission shall have jurisdiction, -
(a) To entertain-
(i) Complaints where the value of the goods or services and compensation,
if any, claimed exceeds rupees 1[five lakhs but does not exceed rupees twenty
lakhs]; and
(ii) Appeals against the order of any District Forum within the State; and
(b) To call for the records and pass appropriate orders in any Consumer
dispute which is pending before or has been decided by any District Forum within
the State, where it appears to the State Commission that such District Forum has
exercised a jurisdiction not vested in it by law, or has failed exercise a
jurisdiction so vested or has acted in exercise of its jurisdiction illegally or
with material irregularity.
1. Subs. for the words “one lakh but does not exceed rupees ten lakhs” by
Act 50 of 1993, sec. 14 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
18. PROCEDURE APPLICABLE TO STATE COMMISSION. - 1[The provisions of Secs
12, 13 and 14 and the rules made thereunder] for the disposal of complaints by
the District Forum shall, with such modifications as may be necessary, be
applicable to the disposal of disputes by the State Commission.
1. Subs. for the words “the procedure specified in Secs. 12 13 and 14
under the rules made thereunder” by Act 50 of 1993, sec, 15 (w.e.f. 18th June
1993).
1[18-A VACANCY IN THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT. -When the office of the President
of the District Forum or of the State Commission, as the case may be, is vacant
or when any such President is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to
perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by
such person, who is qualified to be appointed as President of the District Forum
or, as the case may be, of the State Commission, as the State Government may
appoint for the purpose.]
1. Ins. by the Consumer Protection (Amendment) Act, 1991 (Act No. 34 of
1991) (w.e.f. 15th June, 1991)
19. APPEALS. - Any person aggrieved by an order made by the State
Commission in exercise of its powers conferred by sub-clause (i) of Cl. (a) of
Sec. 17 may prefer an appeal against such order to the National Commission
within a period of thirty days from the date of the order in such form and
manner as may be prescribed:
Provided that the National Commission may entertain an appeal after the expiry
of the said period of thirty days if it is satisfied that there was sufficient
cause for not filing it within that period.
20. COMPOSITION OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION. -
(1) The National Commission shall consist of, -
(a) A person who is or has been a Judge of the Supreme Court, to be
appointed by the Central Government, who shall be its President;
1[Provided that no appointment under this clause shall be made except after
consultation with the Chief Justice of India;]
(b) Four other members who shall be person of ability, integrity and
standing and have adequate knowledge or experience of, or have shown capacity in
dealing with, problems relating to economics, law, commerce, accountancy,
industry, public affairs or administration, one of whom shall be a woman:
2[Provided that every appointment under this clause shall be made by the Central
Government on the recommendation of a selection committee consisting of the
following namely: -
(c) Person who is a Judge of the Supreme Court, to be nominated by the
Chief Justice of India-----Chairman,
(d) The Secretary in the Department of Legal Affairs in the Government of
India-------Member,
(e) Secretary of the Department dealing with consumer affairs in the
Government of India-------Member.]
(2) The salary or honorarium and other allowances payable to and the other
terms and conditions of service 3[***] of the members of the National Commission
shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
4[(3) Every member of the National Commission shall hold office for a term of
five years or up to the age of seventy years, whichever is earlier and shall not
be eligible for re- appointment.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3), a person
appointed as a President or as a member before the commencement of the consumer
Protection (Amendment) Act, 1993, shall continue to hold such office as
President or member, as the case may be, till the completion of his term.]
1. Ins. by Act No. 50 of 1993, sec 16 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
2. Subs. by Act 50 of 1993, sec 16 (w.e.f 18th June 1993)
3. The brackets and words ‘(including tenure of office)” omitted by ibid.
(w.e.f 18th June, 1993).
4. Ins. by ibid. (w.e.f 18th June 1993)
21. JURISDICTION OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION. – Subject to the other
provisions of this Act, the National Commission shall have jurisdiction, -
(a) To entertain, -
(i) Complaints where the value of the goods or services and compensation,
if any, claimed exceeds rupees 1[twenty lakhs]; and
(ii) Appeals against the orders of any State Commission; and
(b) To call for the records and pass appropriate orders in any consumer
dispute which is pending before or has been decided by any State Commission
where it appears to the National Commission that such State Commission has
exercised a jurisdiction not vested in it by law, or has failed to exercise a
jurisdiction so vested, or has acted in the exercise of its jurisdiction
illegally or with material irregularity.
1. Subs, for the words “the lakhs” by Act 50 of 1993, sec 17 (w.e.f 18th
June, 1993).
1[22. POWER TO AND PROCEDURE APPLICABLE TO THE NATIONAL COMMISSION. - The
National Commission shall, in the disposal of any complaints or any proceedings
before it, have-
(a) The power of a Civil Court as specified in sub-sections (4), (5) and
(6) of sec. 13;
(b) The power to issue an order to the opposite party directing him to do
any one or more of the things referred to in Cl. (a) to (I), of sub- section (I)
of sec. 14, and follow such procedure as may be prescribed by the Central
Government.]
1. Subs. by Act No. 50 of 1993, Sec. 18 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
23. APPEAL. - Any person aggrieved by an order made by the National
Commission in exercise of its power conferred by sub-Clause (I) of Cl. (a) of
sec. 21 may prefer an appeal against such order to the Supreme Court within
period of thirty days from the date of the order:
Provided that the Supreme Court may entertain an appeal after the expiry of the
said period of thirty days if it is satisfied that there was sufficient cause
for not filing it within that period.
24. FINALITY OF ORDERS. - Every order of a District Forum, the State
Commission or the National Commission shall, if no appeal has been preferred
against such order under the provisions of this Act, be final.
1[24-A. LIMITATION PERIOD. –
(1) The District Forum, the State Commission or the National Commission
shall not admit a complaint unless it is filed within two years from the date on
which the cause of action has arisen.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub- section (1) a complaint may
be entered after the period specified in sub –section (1), if the complaint
satisfies the District Forum, the State Commission or the National Commission,
as the case may be, that he had sufficient cause for not filing the complaint
within such period:
Provided that no such complaint shall be entertained unless the National
Commission, State Commission or the District Forum, as the case may be, records
its reasons for condoning such delay. .
1. Ins. by Act No.50 of 1993 sec 19 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
[24-B ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL. –
(1) The National Commission shall have administrative control over all the
State Commissions in the following matters, namely: -
(i) Calling for periodical returns regarding the institution, disposal,
pendency of cases;
(ii) Issuance of instructions regarding adoption of uniform procedure in
the hearing of matters prior service of copies of documents produced by one
party to the opposite parties, furnishing of English translation of judgments
written in any language, speedy grant of copies of documents;
(iii) Generally overseeing the functioning of the State Commissions or the
District Forum to ensure that the objects and purpose of Act are best served
without in any way interfering with their quasi-judicial freedom.
(2) The State Commission shall have administrative control over all the
District Forum within its jurisdiction in all matters referred to in sub-section
(1).]
25. INFORCEMENT OF ORDERS BY THE FORUM, THE STATE COMMISSION OR THE
NATIONAL COMMISSION. - Every order made by the District Forum, the State
commission or the National Commission may be enforced by the District Forum, the
State Commission or the National Commission, as the case may be, in the same
manner as if it were a decree or order made by a Court in a suit pending therein
and it shall be lawful for the District Forum, the State Commission or the
National Commission to send, in the event of its inability to execute it, such
order to the Court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction,-
(a) In the case of an order against a company, the registered office of
the company is situated, or
(b) In the case of an order against any other person, the place where the
person concerned voluntarily resides or carries on business or personally works
for gain, is situated, and thereupon, the Court to which the order is so sent,
shall execute the order as if it were a decree or order sent to it for
execution.
1[26. DISMISSAL OF FRIVOLOUS OR VEXATIOUS COMPLAINTS. - Where a complaint
instituted before the District Forum, the State Commission or as the case may be
the National Commission is found to be frivolous or Vexatious, it shall for
reasons to be recorded in writing, dismiss the complaint and make an order that
the complainant shall pay to the opposite party such cost, not exceeding ten
thousand rupees, as may be specified in the order.
1. Subs. by Act No. 50 of 1993 sec. 20 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
27. PENALTIES. - Where a trader or a person against whom a complaint is
made 1[or the complainant] fails or omits to comply with any order made by the
District Forum, the State Commission or the National Commission, as the case may
be, such trader or person shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which
shall not be less then one month but which may extend to three years, or with
fine which shall not be less than two thousand rupees but which may extend to
ten thousand rupees, or with both:
Provided that the District Forum, the State Commission or the National
Commission, as the case may be, if it is satisfied that the circumstances of
the case so require, impose a sentence of imprisonment or fine, or both for a
term lesser than the minimum term and the amount lesser than the minimum amount,
specified in this section.
1. Ins. by Act No. 50 of 1993, sec 27 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
CHAPTER IV
MISCELLANEOUS
28. PROTECTION OF ACTION TAKEN IN GOOD FAITH. - No suit, prosecution or
other legal proceedings shall lie against the member of the District Forum or
the State Commission or the National Commission or any officer or person acting
under the direction of the District Forum, the State Commission or the National
Commission for executing any order made by it or in respect of anything which is
in good faith done or intended to be done by such member, officer or person
under this Act or under any rule or order made thereunder.
29. POWER TO REMOVE DIFFICULTIES. -
(1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this
Act, the Central Government may, by order in the official Gazette, make such
provisions not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as appear to it to
be necessary or expedient for removing the difficulty:
Provided that no such order shall made after the expiry of a period of two years
from the commencement of this Act.
(2) Every order made under this section shall, as soon as may be after it
is made, be laid before each House of Parliament.
1[29-A.VACANCIES OR DEFECTS IN APPOINTMENT NOT TO INVALIDATE ORDERS. - No act or
proceeding of the District Forum, the State Commission or the National
Commission shall be invalid by reason only of the existence of any vacancy
amongst its members or any defect in the constitution thereof.]
1. Ins. by the Consumer Protection (Amendment) Act, 1991 (34 of 1991)
(w.e.f. 15th June, 1991)
30. POWER TO MAKE RULES. -
(1) The Central Government may, by notification, makes rules for carrying
out the provisions contained in 1[Clause (a) of sub- section (I) of section 2],
Clause (b) of sub- section (2) of sec.4, sub-section (2) of sec. 5, Cl. (vi) to
sub section (4) of sec. 13, sec.19, sub-section (2) of sec. 20 and sec.22 of
this Act.
(2) The State Government may, by notification makes rules for carrying out
the provisions contained in 2.[Cl. (b) of sub- section (2) and sub-section (4)
of sec. 7], sub-section (3) of sec. 10, sub- section (1) of sec. 13, sub-section
(3) of sec. 14, sec. 15 and sub-section (2) of Sec. 16
1. Ins. by Act No. 50 of 1993, sec, 22 (w.e.f. 18th June, 1993).
2. Vide Sec, 6 of the Consumer Protection (Amendment) Act, 1991 (Act No.
34 of 1991).
31. LAYING OF RULES. -
(1) Every rule made by the Central Government under this Act, shall be
laid, as soon as may be after its made, before each House of Parliament, while
it is in session for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one
session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the
session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid,
both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or both Houses agree
that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in
such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be ; so, however, that
such any modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of
anything previously done under that rule.
(2) Every rule made by a State Government under this Act shall be laid as
soon as may be after it is made, before the State Legislature.
INDIA PIL LAWS, THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986